Paper 4 Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 - Term Paper Example The magazine empowers its female readers by encouraging them to use their minds to analyze and reflect upon world issues, national concerns, and even local politics if the article permits. The advertising in the magazine evokes the sexiness that women look for in their product ads but also encourages them to reach for a higher potential. Cosmopolitan magazine on the other hand lives up to its name as being the sexy magazine for the urban woman. Its cover alone promotes the sensuality of women and advertises ways and means that women can make themselves more sexually appealing to men. The concerns of the magazine are not as deep as that of Ms as Cosmopolitan contains mostly articles that promote the sexuality of women. However, Cosmopolitan is similar to Ms in the sense that they both promote female empowerment. Just in highly different terms. Cosmopolitan advises that women sell their sex, even in their advertising. Ms decided to market itself as the thinking womans magazine instead by promoting female empowerment through equality of the genders and discussing issues that are important to the feminist cause. That said, both magazine serve a solid and clear purpose in promoting their own female causes. Neither magazine can really be called better than the other. Instead, they are equal and relevant to the female cause in their own

Girls Education Essay Example for Free

Girls Education Essay It is one the basic necessities to be educated for human, as world is full of competition, where one needs certain amount of skills to survive and be a threat to others. Education gives an insight to the person to differentiate between good and bad. Both men and women are part of our society so we need education for the females as well as for the males. In India despite of all the plans measures, initiatives and tall claims by the government and various voluntary organizations, a vast majority of the girls are yet illiterate in India. During the last four decades since independence, many schools and colleges are founded for girls. Education of girls is one of the basic features of the government plans. The female education is important for the society as mothers are the first teachers of the children. They are the first teachers of the future citizens of the country. It is being increasingly recognized that educated wives and mothers are an asset to a nation. Educated girls are working in banks, private firms, hospitals and government offices and supporting their families as well as contributing to the development of the country. Educated girls have an honored position in society. They have secured their rights from the reluctant men but all this is confined chiefly to the urban areas. Indians are conservative by nature. So, their blind faith and age old superstition stood against the female education. In rural areas most of the people are still against girls education. So much needs to be done yet. Special legislation should be enacted to deal with parents who neglect the education of their daughters. There are many villages where schools for girls do not exist. Every village must have a girl schools, or if that is not possible owing to lack of funds, parents should be persuaded to admit their daughters to the schools providing co-education. In recent years situation has improved considerably. People have felt the virtue of female education. Now in India we find women professors, lady doctors, lady scientists, lady politicians and lady ministers. Girls should be educated in the interest of our national progress. India is now optimistic in the field of female education. We had the female philosophers like Gargi, in the Vedic age. We had Mirabai, Ahalyabi and Laxmibai in the days of history. They were all learned. Hence, we had a great tradition during the days of our degeneration. Now, we have revived. So, we will certainly revive the female education in India.

Multiculturalism In Canada :: Immigration, Ethnic Diversity

Canadian Multiculturalism, Same as it ever Was? (an essay by Kathleen Hoyos) Abstract: After the Second World War ended, Canada was no longer mainly composed of its two dominant ethnocultural groups, French and English, but rather constituted by polyethnicity; meaning, Canadian culture was made up of many different ethnic groups. Since then, Canada has actively embraced multiculturalism and on 12 July 1988, the House of Commons passed Bill C-93, ‘An Act for the preservation and enhancement of multiculturalism in Canada’. The Canadian multicultural experience has been much portrayed as a celebration of ethnicity where different cultural groups share their customs and learn from each other. However, it is recently being rumoured that the multiculturalism hype is not all it is cut out to be and segregates communities rather than integrate. According to Canadian authors Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka, â€Å"in much of the world and particularly in Europe, there is a widespread perception that multiculturalism has failed† (44). In this paper, I examine some recent common issues of concern, especially, racism and discrimination, through the literary expression of Canadian playwrights and writers such as George F. Walker, Cecil Foster, and Mordecai Richler. These writers are not meant to represent any ethnic group as a whole, but rather try to project a general feeling about the nation in individual ways. I will finally explore the idea of how perhaps multiculturalism in Canada is evolving into another state since migratory patterns and the social circumstances that Canada is facing in the 21st century have changed. Today, the idea of celebrating different ethnicities and customs is no longer as important as celebrating the transcultural or â€Å"transnational† aspects of relations between individuals and groups of immigrants. Keywords: multiculturalism, transnationalism, transnational literature The use of Multiculturalism, as a term, within the Canadian perspective, is best stated

DOTA Addiction Essay

Playing games is a natural part of growing. It’s one way that kids learn to socialize, compete, to fulfil their craving ego, to entertain, to have fun and sometimes to escape from depression. Computer and online games, in most instances, are no more dangerous than other games, which kids play outdoors. But sometimes, computer and online games with the touch of modern technology, it become more than just play. They become an addiction. And when they become an addiction, it will be hard for the parents and to them to end what has been started. Computer games are slowly arousing and it is one of the things that bring the negative effect. Many people are playing and having so much fun with this that can be a form of entertainment. One of those addicting games is Defense of the Ancients (commonly known as DOTA) is a real-time online or LAN strategy computer game composing of two to ten or twelve players where you can choose from over ninety unique characters you can play on. It requires focus, strategy, quick hands and quick thinking when you are in difficult situations. The objective of the scenario is to destroy the opponent’s â€Å"Ancient†. The two ancient teams are heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. The game is very popular in the world; in the Philippines and Thailand. It is also one of the most well-known computer games being played in Sweden and other Northern European countries. By these reasons, the popularity of this game has increase over time not only with these countries being mentioned  but it has been getting more popular all over the world. As DOTA arises, many issues also arise. It may be about on relationships, peers, foes, and most especially, education. Many critics worldwide are arguing about the real effects of playing DOTA considering that many people especially teenagers are getting addicted on this computer game. They said, this is a mind numbing entertainment for everyone and produces a socially isolated people and promotes violent behaviours. Some of these criticisms may or may not be true. In the Philippines, DOTA is being played not only by teenager but also by the kids that made this as a big concern for parents. At their young age they are more prone on getting addicted on playing this game and might get out of focus to their studies and would lost their interests in playing physical and traditional games like â€Å"tumbang preso†, â€Å"luksang baka†, â€Å"patintero†, and many more. There are many students and even some young professionals that are addicted to DOTA. When time spent on the computer, playing DOTA games it reaches a point that it harms a child’s or adult’s family and social relationships. Neither can disrupt school nor work life. Chapter II : Background of the Problem This action research is intended to prevent the addiction of the minors in playing computer games specifically DOTA. We have included negative and positive effects of the game, its advantage and disadvantages and some professional advices. Online games like DOTA can be a good social platform of the minors if it was directed in a good way. The positive effects of playing DOTA are for the youth to communicate teenagers who initially don’t know each other can easily be friends, they will also learn to strategize and boost their reflexes for DOTA is for smart ones. Gaming Addiction a Mental Disorder? The American Psychiatric Association (APA) adds Internet Gaming Addiction as  one of the potential disorders that needs to be treated. And they are hoping for more clinical research to formally include it on the list. Should it be considered as such? Here are some arguments and counter-arguments regarding gaming addiction.

Michelangelo

Michelangelo was a man of many trades who, throughout his life, created, painted, and designed artistic masterpieces. He was a marvel of his time.. â€Å"He was celebrated as the greatest artist ever because of his great work in the areas of sculpting, painting, drafter, architecture, and poetry†. A genius with his ingenuity and thought process in the way he came up with the ideas that have now become modern masterpieces and wonders to us. Hard work and education to his true passion led to his success and fame in cities all around. He is a man who truly lived life to the fullest.He worked every day of his life and finally rested on his deathbed. Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475 (Summers 483). His full name is Michelangelo did Ladylove Bonaparte Simmons (â€Å"Michelangelo'). He was born in a small village of Cappers in Valerie (Arizona 4). His father was Leonardo did Burrito Simons (â€Å"Michelangelo'). His mother's name was Francesca did Amanita De Sera (Arizona 4). He had four other brothers (â€Å"Michelangelo'). Due to his mother's illness he was placed with a family of stone cutters. She died giving birth to the fifth child in 1481 (Arizona 4).It might have been his grammar school friend, Francesco, six years his senior, who introduced Michelangelo to the painter Director Giordano (â€Å"Michelangelo'). His father agreed to apprentice him at age thirteen. There he was exposed to the technique of fresco. Before his apprenticeship had completed, he stopped painting and took on sculptures (Summers 483). At the recommendation of Giordano, he moved into the palace of a great paint named, Florentine ruler Lorenz â€Å"the Magnificent† De Medici was influenced by Napoleonic thought.This was a fertile time for Michelangelo. His time with the Medici family was 1489 to 1492 (â€Å"Michelangelo'). After the Medici family lost power he began to travel. During his younger years he began to study anatomy (Summers 483). He studied under sculptor Bordello did Giovanni. He obtained permission from the church to study cadavers. These combined influences led to his distinctive style: muscular precision and reality combined with an almost lyrical beauty (â€Å"Michelangelo'). His earliest surviving sculpture is a small unfinished relief of a battle, done when he was sixteen.It shows the obvious influence of ancient Roman marble sculpture belonging to Lorenz Summers 483). He lived in Rome from 1496 to 1501. As a student in Rome he was called â€Å"Universal Genius† (â€Å"Michelangelo'). His drawing career lasted over seventy years, and he was able to change his style to fit the period of time (Michelangelo'). Michelangelo was able to do as many as three projects at a time. He was a great sculpture early in life, and then he learned how to draw and paint. Like most artists of his time he painted religious scenes.He was a Catholic and most of his drawings and painting resemble his beliefs in his artwork (â€Å"Michelang elo'). His first marked success was a life size statue of the Roman wine god Bacchus held in Rome. At age twenty-three, he carved a version of the traditional Pieta (â€Å"Michelangelo'). From 1508 through 1 512, Michelangelo time was occupied by The Sistine Chapel Ceiling. Michelangelo largest and most famous paint was that on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Castle, pig. L). The Pope died in 1513, and then Michelangelo signed a contract with Julius to build a tomb, but it had to be finished within seven years.However, Michelangelo attention was not on the tomb exclusively. After Leo Ax's election Michelangelo was hired to refurbish the facade on the Papal Chapel in Castle Gentleman's, Rome. Between 1514 and 1521 he signed several contracts to sculpture and paint art. Another contract was signed with Julius to build a smaller Julian Monument, and it was drawn up in 1516. Many people think that Sultan's Tomb was not Michelangelo best work, but this only the media's idea about his work. Michelangelo was also a great painter. He produced a few easel paintings.His ambition was truly seen in his paintings (â€Å"Michelangelo'). Michelangelo was painting sutures early in the 16th century. During that time he was making some cartoons, but very few were published. â€Å"One of his cartoons, Battle of Casino, was highly influential, but the cartoon somehow disappeared†. The Sistine Ceiling is one of Michelangelo greatest paintings. It is probably his most well known piece of art. The Pope asked Michelangelo to redo the ceiling because the Pope thought that the gold background with blue stars were not powerful enough to be in the Sistine Chapel.Michelangelo had many drawings to pick from, but he decided to go with the helve Apostles design. Some of Michelangelo late work was also really good, such as The Last Judgment. Gigolo Dad Fabian didn't like Michelangelo, so he tried to destroy his reputation by saying that Michelangelo painting was no good, but accor ding to most, it was one of Michelangelo greatest paintings. He also painted the â€Å"Last Judgment† over the altar in the chapel. The â€Å"Last Judgment† took 6 years for him to finish, from 1535 and 1541 Michelangelo was also able to draw with the best of them.Most people use their drawing ability to get an education, but Michelangelo used raring as a way to express his feelings. Many of Michelangelo drawings became collector items during the sass's; many people didn't accept the drawings. Michelangelo gave his drawings as gifts during special holidays. During the 20th century many people started to accept his drawings. Michelangelo was also an architect. One great piece he did was for the Medici Family. It was a miniature model for Leo Ax's Chapel at Castle Sandstone's, Rome. It looked like Julius tomb, but it didn't have that much sculpturing work. The miniature model for Leo Ax's Chapel at Castle Sandstone's, Rome took him a long time to complete, because there were so many details which need to be perfectly placed†. Michelangelo was able to do so many things at once which influenced many people, and those people didn't realize how great Michelangelo art was until his death. Many people think Michelangelo was sent by God to paint, draw, and sculpture. Michelangelo became a very powerful person during his lifetime. He was great friends with most of the kings and queens in most of the countries (â€Å"Michelangelo').Michelangelo didn't leave any teaching notes or any of his followers. Michelangelo is one of the most talented artists ever, and he was one of the creators of the Roman High Renaissance with Leonardo dad Vinci. Michelangelo drawings, paintings, sculpturing, and architecture work is still very popular in today's society. Michelangelo will still be the most influential artist leading into the 21st century. Michelangelo was also a magnificent architect. In 1560, he designed a dome to cover a massive opening, on the Sistine Ch apel. They began to construct the dome that he had designed in 1560 (The Panorama, IPPP).

Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essays

Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essays Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essay Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essay Infosys Consulting (ICI) emerged from Infosys Technologies as a business and information technology consulting firm with a unique strategy. ICI applied Infosys’ Global Delivery Model (GDM) to consulting and leveraged the parent company’s client relationships to attain projects. Based on 24-hour workforce and cheaper off-shore labor, ICI’s strategy allows them to cut down costs and implementation time for projects. While the parent company offers strategic advantages, ICI and Infosys often clash due to overlap in the two companies abilities to complete customer engagements. Although ICI and Infosys are separate entities the two work closely together, thus both must work hard to interface with one another. ICI’s unique organization and strategy creates a value chain which sets them apart from their competitors and produces great benefits for their clients. ICI created the GDM value chain for their consulting services, the â€Å"1-1-3 model,† which consisted of giving the client one onsite ICI resource, one onsite Infosys Technologies resource, and three offshore Infosys Technologies resources. This model allows ICI to cut costs with a blended rate of $100 per hour due to the cheaper labor of the offshore resources. Utilizing the offshore resources also allows ICI to shorten the length of the project from design to implementation as someone can be working on the project all hours of the day. During the day, the onsite team works with the client to observe the company’s processes and create a design. During the night, the offshore team can work on converting the design into software configuration which can then be presented and tested with the client the next day. : This allows the team to complete the project much faster than if the entire team was in the same time zone and allows the client to provide daily input into what they want in the end. The 1-1-3 strategy improved ICI’s operational effectiveness as they performed the same implementation faster than major rivals like IBM or Accenture. IBM and Accenture, who focus efforts with onshore representatives, cannot easily implement a 24-hour work schedule. Their focus on onshore representatives also forces them to charge higher blended rates, ranging from $175 to $225. IBM and Accenture cannot easily reposition themselves to match ICI’s strategy as they would need to scale down their US presence. Leading offshore consulting companies also cannot easily implement ICI’s strategy of creating a US subsidiary as they currently are managed through their technology businesses. Mimicking ICI’s structure requires significant investment in recruiting which these companies did not have readily available. To use ICI’s 1-1-3 model, ICI made several tradeoffs. One tradeoff is the result of implementing the GDM with 24-hour workdays. Using a 24-hour workday means that meetings can be scheduled at all times of the day often causing employees to be stretched thin. Employees cannot work â€Å"normal† work hours as they are needed across many time zones. ICI also made a tradeoff between using low-cost off shore labor and having clear communication between onsite and offsite workers. This forces consultants to work past normal business hours and plan for time differences. ICI chose to make this tradeoff because this strategy fits well with the rest of their value chain. Activities completed by offshore employees overnight allow onshore employees to start each day one step further in the process and move forward in the design cycle. In this way the two sets of activities, both onshore and offshore, reinforce one another and the company can optimize their efforts. ICI also made a tradeoff when it came to their consulting fees. ICI could charge high rates like IBM and Accenture, thus taking a higher profit margin, but ICI was willing to sacrifice profit in the short term for a higher market share in the long term. Infosys Technology created a channel for ICI to attract customers as Infosys, with an established brand and long list of previous customers, referred their customers to ICI. Infosys‘ strategic needs based positioning was the main reason for creating ICI. In creating ICI, Infosys strove to satisfy a larger fraction of their customers’ technology needs. ICI came from Infosys identifying the opportunity to work for the client earlier, to define issues, create solutions, and implement them. However, tensions emerged between ICI and Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Solutions business units over which entity would lead client relationships and engagements. ICI is a completely separate entity with its own culture, leadership, and growth; this created a divide between ICI and the parent company. ICI and Infosys constantly work on improving communication and collaboration between one another as it is paramount to the success of the organization. However, while this divide exists it will remain one of ICI’s largest weaknesses. Infosys must continue to invest in their value chain to keep and create a competitive advantage. Infosys currently invests in creating subsidiaries, such as ICI in the US, in other countries to expand their business. An important part of creating these subsidiaries is investing in top tier talent recruitment, ICI management works to recruit MBA graduates and implement a referral-based system to target the top 10 percent of consultants from other firms. ICI interviewed and took on about half of the employees from Infosys’ original consulting division but the overall goal was to create a more diverse work force and hire from within the local country. ICI also worked to expand the number of consultants in countries like China and Australia to extend their global reach. Our action plan to improve ICI’s competitive position starts with investing more money in marketing to improve the brand name of ICI. One of the advantages IBM and Accenture have is their strong brand loyalty, recognition and global client base. ICI also needs to establish themselves as a competitor, retain their clients and make their advantages to their customers known. ICI invests time and energy into satisfying their customers and should advertise these benefits. ICI is unique in their value based pricing, which allows cost to be based on metrics that determine success from the client’s perspective. Sometimes engagements are structured such that ICI gets paid based on the outcome of the project and whether these metrics were achieved. This strategy ensures that the client will get what they want and pay for what they get. Our action plan also includes clearly defining the domain of ICI in relation to Infosys Technologies. One possibility is to merge the Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Business Solutions unit into ICI, eliminating problems with placing engagements. This problem could also be solved by clearly defining a method to classify a client engagement under ICI or Infosys. Another action item is to unify the leadership between ICI and Infosys to eliminate friction on interfacing. This could be done by developing a communication strategy or by creating a common leadership team. Clarifying domain issues and unifying leadership will help to better establish an overall culture at ICI and make them more successful in the future.

James Kellenbergers Characterization of Job-Like Beliefs in the Face of Evil Essays

James Kellenbergers Characterization of Job-Like Beliefs in the Face of Evil Essays James Kellenbergers Characterization of Job-Like Beliefs in the Face of Evil Essay James Kellenbergers Characterization of Job-Like Beliefs in the Face of Evil Essay November 27, 2009 James Kellenberger’s Characterization of Job-Like Beliefs in the Face of Evil How does James Kellenberger characterize a believer’s â€Å"Job-like† belief in the face of evil? Does such belief make sense as a response to the problem of evil? Why or why not? Before exploring James Kellenberger’s characterizations of the Job-like believer’s beliefs in the face of evil, it is important that we first examine and understand exactly what is meant by â€Å"Job-like† – and to do that, we must consider the story of Job as it is written in the Hebrew Bible. Essentially, Job is a religious man who also happens to be a very prosperous individual. God approaches Satan seeking his opinion of Job, as he appears to quite clearly be a pious man. Satan then answers that Job is only so devout as a result of his prosperity and wealth. As a result, God offers Satan the freedom to essentially pull apart Job’s life – removing/destroying his possessions and family. Job’s wealth is taken away, his possessions are destroyed, and the house of his firstborn is knocked down by a wind, killing every one of his offspring who were gathered for a feast. Much to Satan’s surprise, Job does not falter in his faith to God despite all these sufferings. God then grants Satan permission to directly affect Job’s health in hopes that he will break in his devoutness, so long as he does not take his life. Job is smitten with boils and illness, but his only response is to scratch them away with broken pottery, still remaining strong in his faith. His wife asks him to â€Å"curse God, and die† but Job simply replies with â€Å"You speak as one of the foolish speaks. Moreover, shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? (Job 1. 9-10) It is in this that Job reveals his true faith in that the actions of God, be they good or evil, they are regardless a part of God’s creation or domain – and as such, should not be seen as a reason to break faith. Job’s friends accuse him of sinning and not admitting it, as it is the only way to explain his suffering at God’s hands, but Job remains steadfast in his piety. In the end, God curses those who spoke against Job and commends him for his righteous ways. Job is then blessed with riches far surpassing his original wealth and a new family ore beautiful than his last. The story of Job in itself helps us understand what Kellenberger means by â€Å"Job-like† believers. Kellenberger breaks the concept of Job-like belief down into three elements: (1) the recognition of evil in the world; (2) the conviction that God and God’s creation are good; and (3) the sense of beholding God’s goodness in the world. (Kellenberger, 329) Fundamentally, Kellenberger is saying that in order for one to have Job-like beliefs it is firstly most important to recognize and understand that there is evil in the world, be it natural or moral evil. As Job faces his suffering at the hands of God, he acknowledges that evil is being done unto him. However, he does not attempt to challenge God’s allowance of evil as much as he challenges the charge that called for such suffering to be brought upon him. He never loses faith in the goodness of God, even when faced with evil for no reason he can discern. So goes the second element of Job-like belief as stated by Kellenberger. A Job-like believer will always remain devout in their belief that God and His creations are good. If Job was to lose this devoutness, his faith in God would have failed, as his trust in His goodness would have as well. A Job-like believer will simply believe that all is well, and not attempt to discern or distinguish a reason for the existence of evil, but simply accept that it is God’s will. And if they believe that God is good (as the second element of Kellenberger’s description of Job-like belief calls for), then surely it will shine through the evil. Where someone else may see evil as evidence against the existence of God’s goodness, a Job-like believer will not, nor will they seek reason for evil, as it is merely a facet of God’s goodness in the end. In the simplest explanation, Kellenberger characterizes a Job-like believer’s response in the face of evil as exactly that: a simple recognition of evil’s existence and not seeing it in any way, shape, or form as evidence against God’s goodness. As well, however, Kellenberger presents Eleonore Stump’s Mirror of Evil theory as another angle to explore it from. The theory itself fundamentally states that â€Å"one can come to see God’s goodness through experiencing evil† (Kellenberger, 338), not simply believing that the good is always there, but believing that evil is required to fully experience the goodness. This theory, to me, makes the most sense as a response to evil – at least in terms of a pious individual looking to remain comforted by God’s will. The question posed at the outset of this paper, â€Å"Does such belief make sense as a response to the problem of evil? is completely subjective depending on what one is looking to achieve through responding to it at all. For example, an individual whose goal through their spirituality is to please God and remain in his good graces would find solace in the mirror of evil theory, as it provides an out for anyone suffering from God’s apparent evil – because in the end, that evil is required to see the good. The original idea that one simply accepts evil would not work in the favour of this individual, as it would leave them guessing and without any understanding as to why they are suffering in the first place. As someone who isn’t particularly religious, I can only provide a perspective from the outside, and offer my reasoning as if I were a devout person. There are aspects of Kellenberger’s concepts that make sense as a response to evil, and there are some aspects that don’t. If I were a religious man who lived my life with the goal of staying in God’s favour, Kellenberger’s characterizations wouldn’t apply to the question, as there would never be a â€Å"problem† of evil to begin with. As stated before, Job-like belief calls for the acknowledgment of evil as a characteristic of God’s goodness – hence, the moment I address evil as a problem, I am no longer a Job-like believer, because essentially, I have lost faith in the goodness of God. Not restricting the analysis to those looking to maintain a Job-like belief, the ideas that these beliefs entail do make sense as an easy approach and response in the face of evil. They provide the individual with an easy, harmless, and even comforting reaction to suffering – and that, to me, makes the most sense of all. As I said, I’m not personally a devout man, but when faced with evil, someone who follows in the footsteps of Job definitely has a leg up on me in terms of dealing with it and not increasing their suffering. Where an individual with any other belief may struggle and suffer trying to question or prevent evil, a Job-like believer finds solace in knowing that the evil that causes them pain is all simply a facet of something far greater and better for them. Be it natural or moral evil, the Job-like response will always be the most sensible if one wishes to always remain even-headed, comforted, and blessed by God. The only issue being that one must first recognize the evil in the world and then recognize God and everything he does as good. Personally, this is the only flaw as it can be difficult for someone to ever get to that point alone – provided they aren’t spiritual or religious to begin with. But I guess that all comes with the whole devout thing. Kellenberger presents some very interesting ideas as to how one with Job-like beliefs might respond to evil, and maintains an even argument that would allow any interpretation to go one way or another. Personally, I find that his approach is the most sensible for an individual looking to remain comforted in their faith and regardless of suffering, feel as though they are within God’s good graces. This however, is very subjective depending on the type of faith this individual maintains and what they look to achieve or aim for with their spirituality – but in the end, isn’t that always the thorn in the side of any religious concept?

Shakespeare Family

Shakespeare Family Who was William Shakespeare’s immediate family? Did he have children? Are there direct descendants around today? William led two very different lives. There was his home, family life in Stratford-upon-Avon; and there was his professional life in London. Other than one account from a town clerk in 1616 that Shakespeare was in London with his son-in-law, John Hall, there is no evidence that his family had much to do with London. All of his property was in Stratford, including a large family home called New Place. When purchased in 1597, it was the biggest house in the town! Shakespeares Parents: Father: John ShakespeareMother: Mary Arden There is no exact record of when John and Mary married, but it is estimated to be in about 1557. The family business evolved over time, but it is widely recognised that John was a glove maker and leather maker.   John was very active in Stratford-upon-Avon’s civic duties and in 1567 he became mayor of the town (or High Bailiff, as he would have been titled then). Whilst there are no records, it is presumed that John’s high civic standing would have enabled the young William to study at the local grammar school. Shakespeares Siblings: Brother: Gilbert Shakespeare (born in 1566)Sister: Joan Shakespeare (born in 1569)Sister:  Anne Shakespeare (born in 1571)Brother:  Richard Shakespeare (born in 1574)Brother:  Edmund Shakespeare (born in 1580) Infant mortality was common in Elizabethan England, and John and Mary lost two children before William was born. The siblings above lived until they were adults, with the exception of Anne who died at the age of eight. Shakespeares Wife: Wife: Anne Hathaway When he was just 18 years old, William married 27-year-old Anne Hathaway in a shotgun wedding. Anne was the daughter of a farming family in the nearby village of Shottery. She fell pregnant with their first child outside of wedlock and the couple had to obtain special permission from the Bishop to marry. There is no surviving wedding certificate. Shakespeares Children: Daughter: Susanna Shakespeare (born in 1583)Daughter:  Judith Shakespeare – Twin (born in 1585)Son: Hamnet Shakespeare – Twin (born in 1585) The child conceived out of wedlock to William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway was daughter named Susanna. A few years later, they had twins. However, in the summer of 1596, Hamnet died, aged 11. It is thought that William was grief stricken and his experience can be read in his characterisation of Hamlet, written not long after. Susanna married John Hall in 1607; Judith married Thomas Quiney in 1616.Shakespeares Grandchildren: Elizabeth Hall (born in 1608)Shakespeare Quiney (born in 1616)Richard Quiney (born in 1618)Thomas Quiney (born in 1620) William had only one grandchild from his eldest daughter, Susanna. Elizabeth married Thomas Nash in 1626, and later remarried to John Bernard in 1649. From William’s youngest daughter, Judith, there were three grandsons. The eldest was named Shakespeare because the family name had been lost when Judith married, but he died in infancy. Shakespeares Grandparents Grandfather: Richard ShakespeareGrandfather: Robert Arden Above William’s parents in the family tree, information becomes a little sparse. We can’t be sure of the names of William’s grandmothers because the â€Å"men of the house† would have taken control of legal affairs, and so only their names will have appeared on historical documents. We know that the Arden’s were wealthy fathers and the Shakespeare family held civic responsibilities in the town. It is likely that this combined power was what enabled them to obtain special permission from the Bishop for their children to marry to stop the baby being born out of wedlock; this would have brought shame on their family and their reputation at the time. Shakespeares Living Descendants: Wouldn’t it be great to discover that you are a descendant of the Bard? Well, technically, it is possible. The direct bloodline ends with William’s grandchildren who either did not marry, or did not have children to continue the line. You have to look further up the family tree to William’s sister, Joan. Joan married William Hart and had four children. This line continued and there are many of Joan’s descendants alive today. Could you be related to William Shakespeare?

Historical profile for an auction catalogue Assignment

Historical profile for an auction catalogue - Assignment Example Impressionism is the name given to a style of painting in France at the end of the 19th century. The Impressionists were not a formal artistic group as such, more a collective of artists seeking recognition for their innovative techniques and approach to using colour in art.1 The painting depicts four poplar trees standing tall on the banks of the river. Their shadow is seen in the water below. The entire painting has several hues of colours and a vivid use of light is also seen. It is said that Monet preferred to paint this painting from the middle of the river rather than sitting on one bank and painting what is seen on the other side. Monet made the trees slender and allowed them to reach to the end of the canvas. We do not see the top of the trees in the painting. It is because of the impressionist style to paint the moment capturing it as it is. One must appreciate that impressionist painting catch the movement of the moment. The use of brush strokes is small and unfinished in impressionist paintings. In this painting as well we see small strokes of brush creating the bushy impact of the river bank. The slenderness of the tree barks seems exaggerated. The best brush strokes however are the leaves of the trees. Irrespective of the hue blue background the leaves stand out in colour. Poplar trees are tall and slender. Only the bank of the river painted with the grass and bushes separates the reflection of the trees from the trees themselves. The small and unfinished brush strokes also give dense appearance to the grass on the bank and the leaves of the trees. The brush has effectively captured the movement of wind which is seen in the reflection of the trees in water. The simple strokes have created the movement of refection due to wind on water. This movement of wind is the perfect example of impressionist style of painting. Impressionist paintings capture the movement of nature, people etc. Even in the st ill paintings one can see the effects of

Cryogenic system, gas separation and liquifaction Research Paper

Cryogenic system, gas separation and liquifaction - Research Paper Example It is used in the production of gases like O2, N2, Argon, Neon, Krypton, and Xenon. Cryogenic separation has proved to be economical, increases the difference in the boiling points of constituents, process takes up large quantities and achieving purity of gases is tenable. Cryogens like LOX, LH2 are used in rocket propulsion while LH2 is being considered for automobile (Flynn, 2005). LN2 is used as a coolant in cryogenic systems as well as gas refrigeration in cases where low-temperature gases are required. Refrigeration makes use of the principle of heat change in the system, which is equal to the total internal energies (U) and the work (W); . It makes of the first and second Law of thermodynamics. Cryogenic systems are closed cycle systems comprised of the compressor, liquid containers, expander, and heat exchanger. Analysis of cryogenic process follows the Joule-Thompson expansion, which is an isenthalpic expansion process;  (Barron, 1985). The systems are engineered to obey Laws of physics from the field of thermodynamics, heat transfers and

The Changes in Employment Law Introduced by the Equality Act 2010 Essay

The Changes in Employment Law Introduced by the Equality Act 2010 - Essay Example The paper discusses the changes on the employment law as a result of introduction of the Equality Act 2010. Equal Pay The Equal Pay Act of 1970 prohibits discrimination in pay between men and women. The Act emphasizes equal pay for equal work. Despite the act being in place gender wage gap continues to rise and women are segregated in low paying service sector jobs such as education and health. However, the claimant pursuing this allegation should be able to proof that the difference in pay is as a result of discriminatory act by the employer. To proof this, there needs to be a comparator of opposite sex performing similar work in the establishment or in a similar establishment offering same terms and conditions of employment (Kelly et al. 2011). The Act gave employers right to secrecy in remunerations thereby preventing employees from getting information as to whether they are being discriminated thus making it hard to claim unequal pay discrimination. The Equality Act 2010 however makes some changes which removed the clauses on secrecy. Employees are thus free to get information regarding remuneration. It also made it unlawful for employers to prohibit employees from discussing pay. The Act requires organizations with 250 or more employees to publish pay differences for males and females (Directgov, 2011). The Act also enables claimants to make a claim even if there is no comparator. This implies that employers need to be very cautious when offering terms of payment to avoid discrimination allegations. It has also to publish pay differences to avoid paying fines. This may affect performance related pay as those performing equal work need to be paid similar wages. While Equal Pay Act incorporates equality clause in all contracts, Equality Act incorporates sex equality in the contract (Kelly et al. 2011, p. 465). Sex Discrimination Treating one less favourably on the grounds of sex is prohibited in the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 (Kelly et al. 2011). The act also prohibits harassment based on sex and victimization as a result of giving evidence on sex discrimination cases or for filing a complaint based on sex. The Employment Equality (sex discrimination) Regulations 2005 require a claimant to proof they were discriminated because of their sex by use of a comparator hence according to Clarke (2006), discrimination laws emphasize on differences between complainant and comparator rather than the disadvantage the complainant has experienced (161). The Equality Act has extended the associative and perceptive discrimination based on sex. It is therefore unlawful to treat someone less favourably because of having an association with a person of a particular sex or because of being perceived as belonging to a particular sex. Disability Discrimination The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 prohibits unfair treatment on the grounds of being disabled. It prohibits direct discrimination and disability related discrimination whereby one is disc riminated due to reasons associated to disability such as sickness. However, the employer can discriminate if the nature of activities does not allow hiring a disabled person, if costs involved are high or as a result of genuine

Kristen Cookie Company Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Kristen Cookie Company - Term Paper Example Computation of the company’s optimum capacity compared to its break-even point also revealed that the present production system cannot make the company viable because optimum capacity is almost equal to break-even point. Having identified the weaknesses in Kirsten Cookie Company, recommendations were made on how to eliminate the bottleneck in production and how to make the company more viable and competetive in general. I. Introduction Background information   Kristen’s Cookie Company is a company that I co-own with my roommate. We operate in an on-campus apartment with the university students and personnel as our primary market. The initial idea of the company is to bake fresh cookies to order, using any combination of ingredients that the customer wants. The cookies that were ordered will be available for pick up within an hour. Thesis of the case study   This study will investigate whether the chosen production process which is the made to order is the most profi table mode of production considering the kind of market that we have and the facility and opportunity available to us. During the course of its investigation, it is important to note that the organization is a start-up company and is operated and manned by its owners (me and my roommate) and as such, this limitation should be considered in the assessment of the organization to arrive at an accurate findings where realistic recommendations can be made where it is appropriate. II. Methodology SWOT Analysis SWOT provides an organization the environmental assessment of which it operates and thus provides the framework to determine the appropriateness of Kristen Cookie Company’s production process. It includes both the internal and external factors of an organization’s environment. The internal factors involve the internal capability of an organization as expressed by the strength and weakness of SWOT. The external environment of an organization is expressed in the opportun ities and threats of the SWOT (Beagrie, 2004). SWOT provides a reality check in determining the appropriateness of the elected production process in the initial phase of Kirsten Cookie Company. Strength Making cookies through made to order has a marketing appeal of having a product that is freshly baked right from the oven cookies. Compared to the make to stocked cookies, they are fresher and relatively tastes better. Producing cookies through made to order minimizes risk because the company keeps no inventory of its finished products that has the potential of incurring loss due to spoilage and waste when it is not sold before its expiration date. Weakness The make to order production of cookies limits the production capacity of the business according to the number of orders which are done in almost real time (one hour before the customer can pick up their cookies). It also does not optimize production capacity and makes the facility vulnerable to idleness during off season. It is a lso vulnerable to opportunity cost because the company’s commitment to sell freshly baked cookies which the customers can pick up after an hour of ordering implies opportunity lost with demands foregone during the day (the business only operates at night and has a commitment that customers can pick up their cookies after an hour of ordering). Given the capacity of its facility, the make to order production system also has a bottleneck in the baking stage where it will compile buffers as it takes longer to bake (10 mins) before the next batch will arrive (6 mins for the 3 trays to complete).

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate Literature review - 1

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate firms listed in Chinese stock exchange - Literature review Example In early 1990s, the Chinese state council took the initiative of developing two national stock exchanges. According to CSRC (2008, p.3), the two fundamental national stock exchanges included Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in 1991 and in 1990, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE). Development of the two significant national stock exchanges as aforementioned led to establishment of many listed companies, increased total market capitalization and trading volume. It is through these reforms that the department of housing and real estate in the ministry of construction introduced a new structure of private ownership of property. Li, Luo and Ao (2011, p. 294) demonstrates how the private ownership structure in the real estate industry has developed over the years to become the pivotal industry of the national economy. A study carried out with the intention of determining the relationship between real estate investment and the GDP growth in China showed that there is a stable long run relationship between the two. However, the empirical study further stated that the potential threshold effect of real estate investment on its contribution to GDP growth depends on per capita GDP thus different regions sampled for the study in China gave different impact. The contribution is high when per capita GDP is greater than $1000 while the converse is true. Real estate business is considered a major contributor to economic growth because the industry has large multiplier effects and is believed to be associated with many external social and social economic benefits. According to Country Intelligence report, 2014, p. 14 the real estate industry affects the economic development through its impact on employment, labor productivity, savings and total investment. Capital structure affects the market value of the firm, the cost of capital, the integral operative performance and the corporate

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 33

Economics - Essay Example Macroeconomics focuses on the international and national economic trends. Neoclassical economics pursues economics through means of demand and supply models, which determine prices on the basis of subjective preferences of consumers and producers. Neoclassical economics depends on subjective preferences in determining prices. Sustainability is associated to the quality of life in a society. It determines whether the environmental, social and economic systems, which make up the society, are offering a productive, meaningful and healthy life for the current and future generations. Sustainable development is the growth, which satisfies the requirements of existing generations without compromising the capability of upcoming generations to satisfy their requirements. There are three features of sustainable development; economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. Environmental sustainability is described as sustenance of life supporting systems. Economic sustainability is described as sustenance of economic capital. It refers to the maximum amount of revenue, which may be spent without diminishing future consumption. Social sustainability is described as sustenance of social resources. Sustainable growth should integrate these categories of sustainability and employ them in ensuring that development is sustainable. There are developments of the new economic ideas in the modern economy. The world economy has experienced various economic conditions and new ideas are evolving, complementing the traditional economic ideas. The following are the alternative economic ideas in the modern economy. First, modern economies are considering shifting from outsourcing to in-sourcing. Economies are encouraging local production to enhance domestic employment. Another idea includes the accessing of wealth of the locals; information and communication technologies are changing

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate Literature review - 1

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate firms listed in Chinese stock exchange - Literature review Example In early 1990s, the Chinese state council took the initiative of developing two national stock exchanges. According to CSRC (2008, p.3), the two fundamental national stock exchanges included Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in 1991 and in 1990, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE). Development of the two significant national stock exchanges as aforementioned led to establishment of many listed companies, increased total market capitalization and trading volume. It is through these reforms that the department of housing and real estate in the ministry of construction introduced a new structure of private ownership of property. Li, Luo and Ao (2011, p. 294) demonstrates how the private ownership structure in the real estate industry has developed over the years to become the pivotal industry of the national economy. A study carried out with the intention of determining the relationship between real estate investment and the GDP growth in China showed that there is a stable long run relationship between the two. However, the empirical study further stated that the potential threshold effect of real estate investment on its contribution to GDP growth depends on per capita GDP thus different regions sampled for the study in China gave different impact. The contribution is high when per capita GDP is greater than $1000 while the converse is true. Real estate business is considered a major contributor to economic growth because the industry has large multiplier effects and is believed to be associated with many external social and social economic benefits. According to Country Intelligence report, 2014, p. 14 the real estate industry affects the economic development through its impact on employment, labor productivity, savings and total investment. Capital structure affects the market value of the firm, the cost of capital, the integral operative performance and the corporate

The freddie Gray story in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The freddie Gray story in the media - Essay Example umerous journalists failing to maintain objectivity in order to unearth the facts in the case as present the story objectively as the discussion below portrays. The media plays an integral role in the society. Key among the primary roles of the media is agenda setting which in turn leads to the formulation of opinions. The media influences public opinion and the media in the United States played a role in enhancing the wave of violence and riots in Baltimore following Freddie Grey’s story. Objectivity lacked in the coverage of the story with the media including the CNN following a wave of narratives that could sell. The media for example began by propagating the story showing videos of Mr. Grey’s arrest and alleged maltreatment. Showing the videos was not a mistake. However, the media failed to play its watchdog role by exercising caution. They carried out extensive analysis of numerous other cases of African Americans who have died while in police custody thus making Mr. Grey a growth to the statistics. Such biased yet widespread coverage of the story enhanced the spread of a particular narrative that shows that the predominantly white police service in the country continues to target African American minority. This contributed to the outbreak of the riots in Baltimore. None of the numerous journalists cared to investigate the background of the various suspects who have died in police custody. Some were hardcore criminals and the police had issues to suspect Grey. After contributing to the outbreak of the riots in the city, the media adopted yet another skeptic position in their coverage of the story. Fox News anchors for example claimed that the city was under blockade by â€Å"thugs†. CNN on the other hand even assigned an African American reporter to cover the story claiming that he was safer and could blend in the mayhem. The media once again showed a lack luster attitude with no media attempting to investigate the history of police brutality in

Women in 19th century Boston Essay Example for Free

Women in 19th century Boston Essay This was a very clever move and shows how much he cares for himself and how he has tried to prevent himself being caught. He thinks that Gerta would get thrown out of the house which most women would do because they would feel that they have lost their pride. If she had the baby she would be sent back to Sweden which women did in 19th century Boston. Also if she wanted a divorce even thought she was innocent she would lose all her possession as the law would be against her. Thats how difficult it was for women in Boston. Gilman blames Mr.Marroner not Gerta as everyone would. Mr. Marroner knew all the consequences and had still done his dirty actions. Also he has hurt three people, his wife, Gerta and the baby Gilman writes a very dramatic quote which is this is the sin of man against woman it is very effective because it basically describes what the whole story is about. Gilman also uses a time shift which continues to the future as Mr. Marroner arrives from his important business. By the usage of flash backs it gives the reader an interesting insight on what Mrs.Marroner and Gerta are going through while he was at business. When Mr. Marroner arrived away on to his disbeliefs he realized that his wife has secretly left him which makes us think where Gerta is? After Mr. Marroner has done this unbelievable horror it makes the reader think that he still loves his wife because after months he hired private detectives and when anyone asked him about his wife he would say that she has gone abroad for health. He just couldnt bear to tell anybody the truth. He even wouldnt want to end up in the newspapers as he is a big business man. As he hired the detectives they fond the location of where his wife was living. When he went to meet her he found out that she had changed to her maiden name, Marion. And there she was holding her baby as a bulwark and Marion turned and said to him, what have you to say to us? Gilman leaves an open ending which the reader could think about what is going to happen and I as the reader think that she might take him back because she had the guts to talk to her husband after cheating on her. Also shows that Gerta is are protecting her baby for not seeing the future dad as he will be known as a CHEAT. But if I was in Marions position I would just chase him out of the house and not even talk to him. Gilman clever uses certain techniques that make the reader very interested. Theses techniques such as, flash backs creates a dramatic impact on the reader as it keeps them thinking on what is going to happen next.

Gender Roles in the Media Essay -- Socialization Female Male Differenc

From the moment they are born and wrapped in a pink or blue blanket, a child's gender is unmistakable. From this point on, they will continuously be bombarded with the socialization into their gender by many sources. One of the main sources of this socialization is media, more specifically television. The purpose of this paper is to describe gender roles and stereotypes, and to take a closer look at how the media's representation and portrayal of males and females affects children. Gender differences are the "sets of attributes socially and culturally constructed on the basis of birth assignment as male or female" (Creedon, 1993, p.5). When a baby is born and wrapped in a colored blanket based on their gender, one of the first things many parents think about his how perfect their little boy or girl is; How strong and handsome their son will be with his dad's strong hands; How beautiful their daughter is because of her "big blue eyes." The last question on the minds of the parents however, is how, by choosing that blanket for their child and thinking these thoughts, they have commenced the idealistic gendering process. Many parents fail to think twice about setting guidelines for their children from birth on what it means to be either male or female, because doing so has become so natural to our society. "We live in a culture built on a particular set of gender assumptions and structured to amplify if not produce gender asymmetries and inequalities, and we come to view these differences as part of the natural world" (Creedon, 1993, p.5). In the media, the roles of males and females differ immensely. "Women, especially young women, are primarily depicted as sex objects and men as success objects. In both cases, the ... ...isual stereotypes in american mass media. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Kundanis, R. (2003). Children, teens, families, and mass media: the millennial generation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. Pollack, W. (1998). Real boys: rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood. New York, NY: Holt. Spangler, L. (2003). Television women From lucy to friends: fifty years of sitcoms and feminism. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Strasburger, V.; Wilson, B. (2002). Children, adolescents, and the media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Wartella, E. (1979). Children communicating: media and development of thought, speech, understanding. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Woods, J. (1994). Who cares: women, care, and culture. Carbondale, Ill: Southern Illinois University Press.

The Asian As Superior Myth Essays -- essays research papers

The author, Ronald Takaki, wishes to illustrate that the perceptions of Asian Americans as a "model minority" are not entirely accurate. Takaki writes that the facts and figures used to compare Asian-Americans to other, less successful minority groups are misleading. For example, the author writes that although Japanese Americans are seen as upwardly mobile, they have not yet achieved equality. The essay states that "while Japanese American men in California earned an average income comparable to Caucasian men in 1980, they did so only by acquiring more education and working more hours." In addition, the author found that while some Asian American groups do have higher family incomes than Caucasians, at the same time the Asian American families are larger and have more members of working age than Caucasian families. The author's purpose is to show the reader that although Asian Americans are portrayed as "successful" when compared to other minority groups, they still have ground to make up before they begin to accurately approach the ranks of the Anglo majority. The author uses his own personal experiences as the grandson of agricultural laborers to relay to the reader than he, too, can relate to the plight of Asian Americans in this country. The essay was written to show and give reasons why Asian Americans are seen by other minority groups as a "model minority." The author attempts to show that this i...

Goals and Objectives Tied to Mission and Value Statements Essay

Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the potential customer. Aims and Objectives Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the  potential customer. Aims and Objectives Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the potential customer.

Grown up woman Essay

Sheila is disappointed with her lover (Gerald) she angry with her parents, because they seem more anxious to impress the inspector with their social position then to look deep into their own hearts â€Å"and can’t you see both of you, you’re making it worse†. She’s irritated at the blindness of those who can not see what she has come to realize. Gerald’s confessions are followed by what is revealed about Mrs. Birling heartless refusal to help Eva Smith. Sheila’s reaction is very very important. Her own feelings of guilt, her changed feelings towards Gerald, her irritation with her parents must be shown. AT the same time the audience must see how she reacts to the inspector as someone who is changing their lives of many in that room. Towards the end of act 2 tensions builds up when the inspectors’ investigation and Mrs. Birlings reply begin to be pointing towards Eric having had a connection with Eva. Sheila tries desperately to stop her mother making a bigger fool of herself â€Å"mother- I begged you and begged you to stop† she says at the end. It is at this moment that Eric appears the panic and distress and helplessness must be shown in your face. In act 3 events move towards the climax and Sheila is a key figure in the action even she may not be one stage all of the time. The inspectors questioning have began to draw out each character an admission of responsibility for what happened to Eva Smith though not all of them feel guilt in the way in which Sheila and later Eric come to see. What comes to light about Eric is deeply upsetting to Birling and his wife. He drinks heavily he’s the father of Eva’s child, he has stolen money from his father. The respectable outside of the Birling family is seen to be full off hypocrisies and dishonesty. Both Birling and Mrs. Birling are rattled. â€Å"But each of you helped to kill her. Remember that. Never forget that.† Birlings reaction too the disclosures about Eric is typical â€Å"I’ve got to cover up this up as soon as I can†. By fouls means he must prevent the scandal from getting known. He even begins to appeal to the inspector â€Å"look inspector- I’d give thousands yes thousands†. He feels no guilt but he only wants to use his money to hide the truth from getting known. The inspector leaves having made one final speech about â€Å"fire and blood and anguish† that will follow if people do not realize that â€Å"we are responsible for each other†. It is one of the most important dramatic scenes in the play. Sheila and Eric are completely affected by what the inspector has said. The senior Birlings feel no guilt they don’t think they have done anything wrong â€Å"it turned out unfortunately, that’s all†. There is no change of heart. When Sheila repeats the fathers last words â€Å"that’s all† she says it scornfully because she realizes her parents will not change. AT this stage you should show through your facial expression and the way in which you speak that your meeting with the inspector has been almost a religious experience. Later on when the inspector proved to be a hoax the others relax but not Sheila or Eric. To Sheila the inspector is a supernatural being â€Å"there was something curious about him. He never seemed to be an ordinary police inspector†. It is in relation to this that the audience must judge the reactions of the senior Birlings and Gerald when they learn that there is no inspector Goole . To you that is irrelevant because he has already changed your life and Eric’s also. He is more then a real inspector. When Birling says â€Å"it makes all the difference† your reaction must be one of bitterness and disbelief as you say â€Å"I suppose we’re all nice people now†. You can not believe that their moral sense can be so distorted. There are discussions later about the photographs of Eva Smith followed by news at the end of a woman who is indeed dead. This is dramatic but the real climax is when it becomes obvious to the audience that the inspector’s message about our responsibility for others that â€Å"we don’t live alone† has been forcefully made. It will remain true regardless of whether the inspector was real and whether there ever was an Eva Smith. It is important for you too show the change that takes place in Sheila Birling through the reactions to the inspectors question your disgraced about the selfishness of your parents and the part you also played. You must show the entire change from you being a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve girl turning into a grown up woman.  Priestly passes a great moral message in this story and enforces several times. We are all equal and we do not live alone we must look out for each other regardless of social class.

Anti Discriminatory Practice Essay

There are four main ethical ideas that should be taken into account in the health and social care sector. They are: * Justice – People must be treated fairly and equally regardless of their background. * Autonomy – A person’s choice must be respected.  * Beneficence – This involves risks and costs; the health care professional should act in a way that is beneficial to the patient. * Non-maleficence – Any harm caused by treatment should not be greater than the benefits of the treatment. The underpinning principles and values of care practice are centred upon ethical principles and put the individual at the main focus of the health and social care provision. Putting the individual at the heart of service provision To put the individual at the heart of service provision, the health and social care service providers need to: * Provide support consistent with the beliefs, culture and choices of the individual. * Support the service users in the expression of their needs and preferences. * Empower individuals.  * Promote and encourage individual rights, choices and well being. Providing active support consistent with the beliefs, culture and preferences of the individual Active support involves helping an individual as much as possible and taking their beliefs, culture and preferences into account when making choices in a health and social care setting. For example, if you are caring for a Jewish person in a retirement home you would need to ensure that Kosher food is available for them as well as what they would need in order to worship. Another example would be a student joining a teacher’s class who has learning difficulties. The teacher and school would have to ensure that the child is listened to and given any support that they might require with sensitivity and respect. They may also require the support of an advocate. The main forms of support may be: * Advice and guidance * Medical and care planning information * Physical support such as personal care * Social support * Mental health support such as coping strategies Mental health support – coping strategies This has to be treated with thoughtfulness and sensitivity. If someone is identified as needing mental health support, they should have access to services such as social workers, community nurses, occupational therapists and psychiatrists. Other services available are psychologists, counsellors and community support workers such as home helps. These services are in place to take care of the health and social care needs of people who suffer with mental health problems. It’s important that the service users are aware that they must always seek advice from professional services. Supporting individuals to express their needs and preferences This for example could mean the support of an individual who is deaf and needs to find other ways to express their needs and preferences. A health and social care service provider could put the service user in touch with British Sign Language interpreters, Deaf-blind interpreters, lip-speakers, note-takers and speech-to-text reporters. Another reason that an individual may need this kind of support is if they do not speak English and require an interpreter. This is particularly common in hospitals. The interpreter may be a friend or relative or even a person specifically hired to be an interpreter in health and social care settings. Essentially, the interpreter should be anyone who can help the service user express their needs and preferences. All of this is important in the process of keeping the person informed about what is happening to them so they can communicate their preferences and needs. Empowering individuals If everything that needs to be done for an individual’s care is explained and checked over with them, they can be empowered. This gives them the control over the service they receive and leaves them with the confidence that they are the main priority. Empowering an individual ensures that no decisions are made on their behalf, even if it is in their best interests. The service user has to be able to make decisions themselves and it’s important that the health and social care service provider presents them with all the information they need to make an informed decision. The service provider must also respect the choice of the individual regardless of if the decisions and choices they make aren’t necessarily right in their own opinion. Promoting individuals’ rights, choices and well-being Individual rights can be encouraged and promoted through a number of ways. For example, help can be offered with language and communication for those who cannot effectively communicate due to disabilities, illness or the fact that English is not their first language. Information must be provided in a number of forms such as Braille, pictures and in a range of languages. It’s important that a qualified translator is involved in the production of information, for example in medical advice, so that the grammar is correct. If it is wrong, the service user may feel under-valued and silly. Balancing individual rights with the rights of others Balancing an individual’s rights with the rights of others is possible as long as you have good organisational, communication and negotiating skills. Everyone within the health and social care service must work together to come to a solution for individual rights that suites everybody.

Multinational Corporations and Nationality Essay

Multinational Corporations and Nationality - Essay Example The present research has identified that much contrary evidence suggests that even the most global of companies remain deeply rooted in the national business systems of their country of origin. Hu and Ruigrok have argued that MNCs exhibit national characteristics. Very few of the worlds largest companies are production highly internationalized as evidenced by very few Fortune top 100 companies have more than half their production facilities or their workforce outside the country of origin. Even though the home base does not account for the bulk of sales, operations, and employment, the home nation is almost always the primary locus of ownership and control. Board and senior management positions are staffed disproportionately - often overwhelmingly - by home country nationals, strategic decisions tend to be made in the home nation, and innovative activities are also disproportionately located there. The connection between national culture and MNC behavior rests on the academic industr y generated by Hofstede's analysis of `cultures consequences. Wong and Birnbaum, for example, have constructed hypotheses about MNC behavior on the basis of Hofstede's analysis of power distance, that is the perception by individuals of the degree of interpersonal power or influence exerted over them by their superiors in the organization. They found that the acceptance of unequal power distances in the banks home society was highly significant in explaining the centralization of authority in the bank operating in Hong Kong. The analysis using Hofstede’s ideas are said to have inconsistencies that make it unreliable. Hofstede came up with his five dimensions and scores with samples taken only from a single company – IBM. McSweeney points out that generalizing results from IBM employees to a global scale is unthinkable because there are no evidence-based reasons for assuming that the average IBM responses reflected ‘the’ national average.

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy - Essay Example It starts by a guy (Han-Ki) spotting a young lady (Sun-Hwa) sited on a bench across the street and decides to sit beside her. His constant glare towards her makes her uncomfortable and she sees it as rude. She moves away from her and runs to greet her boyfriend. The man grabs her and forcefully kisses her, the witnessing soldiers intervene beats up this guy. She demands an apology, but the guy remains adamant. It leads to her spitting on him, introducing the hidden desire for obsession and vengeance in motion. It is revealed later that the impetuous, quiet gangster is a pimp. Later, the young girl in the street is implicated in a cash theft which lands her in a brothel. It would be unwise to assume that the theme of Bad Guy is about revenge; the plot revolves around the escapades between captor and captive and the director Kim seems not to be arriving at a particular theme. The beguilingly and controversial climax of the film leaves viewers with hard questions to ponder. Therefore, Bad Guy can be termed as an enigmatic piece of work displaying the common issues affecting the society inclusive of race and gender themes. Kim Ki-duk is known as one of the prolific directors in Korea. He is majorly recognized as a remarkable movie producer outside Korea with his movies receiving a number of international awards. For example, the film Samaritan Girl (2004) has gotten him a prestigious international award for best director in the Silver Bear awards. It is fascinating that despite Kim Ki-duk’s international identification as a leading movie director in Korea, back in South Korea his reputation is mixed with many controversies. He has many discontented detractors and a small flock of enthusiastic supporters. He is well reckoned for his unreserved and painterly images.

Social Responsibility in Business Research Paper

Social Responsibility in Business - Research Paper Example Generally, a company that takes corporate social responsibility is profitable, and the overall benefits of doing it overweight that of the disadvantages. The key notion in corporate social responsibility is being responsible when it comes to the society a company operates within. Nowadays, human civilization faces multidimensional problems that are impossible to ignore by communities and governments. There is a growing concern in the society of a great number of burning issues that are global in scope. Environmental problems, such as climate change and air pollution, and social issues, such as poverty and soaring level of unemployment, have become persistent trends all over the world. That is why customers tend to pay more to the companies that share these concerns and display a forward-thinking mindset. Today more and more companies are engaging in corporate social responsibility by creating or participating in initiatives that are good to the society and benefit communities (Aramian, 2009). The awareness of social and environmental problems is constantly growing among the people. Both national and local governments all over the globe tend to defer to public demands and push through stricter environmental and social standards, which is another reason why engaging in corporate social responsibility has become increasingly beneficial for companies. The policy of companies that implies consistent and effective self-regulation ensuring compliance with ethical standards and requirements of law is advantageous in many ways. But one of the main reasons for implementation of self-discipline practices and use of corporate social responsibility strategy is that it might help companies avoid unnecessary government intervention in business. For instance, the issue of environmental pollution is a brilliant illustration for this thesis. In order to avoid government intervention, an

Marketing in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing in Practice - Essay Example Research was done that indicated the student’s use of the online digital library and the data collected showed that many students are not actually using the services of the library and this impairs reaching the objectives of the plan. This report thus gives an in-depth account of social marketing theory and the related secondary materials that were used to understand the situation of the Birmingham library. With reference to this, appropriate objective and recommendation are given in this report to ensure that the students adopt the new provision as expected by the university; it is to be achieved using social marketing for behaviour change (Weinreich 2011, p.45). Action plan for the implementation of the recommendation is also given as well as the controls of the same program in Birmingham library. Introduction The tradition and role of social marketing is to ensure that marketing is applied together with other concepts and techniques that will culminate into the social good of the targeted group of people (Alder 2010, p.24). The difference between social marketing and commercial marketing should thus be palpable, in social marketing; the driving agenda is not finances as the case with commercial marketing, they tend skew their interest to pursue social good (Pintado, 2007: p. 32). Birmingham Library is a university library that houses all genres of academic materials from sciences to humanities, with the population of the student’s numbers increasing every academic intake (Krol 2010, p.38). There is urgent need then to ensure that some of the services that are currently offered physically in the library are decentralized so that students can have access to the information even without visiting the library premises (Lazer, William, and Eugene 2006, p.20). This proposed idea is supposed to use online library services to enable students to access online books using their tablets, lap top computers, and phone while they are outside that university l ibrary (Kotler and Nancy 2008, p.16). This development will not only help in decongesting the library that is currently receiving high level of traffic movement of students but will also be useful in serving the student’s convenience of using library services in various places including within the hostel without having to move into the library (Burcher 2012, p.19). The university thus wants to use social marketing as a way of advising the students on the available options of accessing the library services without having to borrow physical books (Penford, 2011: p. 37). This is deemed to be of social good to the student as they will have the books in soft copy and can use them anytime without having to visit the library every time. On the other hand, the university will also benefit in the sense that they will be able to accommodate the needs of all the students because only those students who want to engage in those issues that cannot be done outside the library will be in at any particular time. The university will also mitigate on the losses that are realized when textbooks are borrowed by the students from the library (Sarki, 2006: p. 12). This move will be highly beneficial to the student’s body and they should be advised to explore this option through social marketing

Has the IMF played a condtructive or destructive role Does it serve Essay - 1

Has the IMF played a condtructive or destructive role Does it serve any purpose in the 21st century - Essay Example The IMF has grown and experienced changes over the last years. Many have embraced this change, while there has been some that have not accepted it. Its members have been increasing, from the initial thirty to over 188 members. This organisation claims to foster financial stability, global monetary corporation and economic stability to its members (Freytag pg 20-30). Its objectives are geared towards promoting international economic, Corporation, creation of employment, establishing sustainable exchange rate and availing funding to its member states. The role of the international fund about the 21st century is addressed by analysing the success and failure rate. Since its debut, this organisation has funded numerous nations, where there has been failure or success. The facts present a concrete factor that present this organisation as failing. Though there are success cases, the failures often lower the impact of these cases. One notable case is the one witnessed in Tanzania. After the IMF stepped in to save this declining economy, its economy lowered. The employment rate decreased and the literacy level dropped. All this occurred within period from 1985 to 2000 (Research Activities of the International Monetary Fund: January 1991-December 1998 pg 26-30) Conclusively, the role played by this organisation cannot be ignored. It continuously helps nations to recover from economic failures. It is lending surveillance police have benefited many and still proves to in years to come. In order to change the faulty image over the years, there must be some adjustments. This adjustment will enhance its role and make it productive as many presume it to

Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Essay Example for Free

Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Essay Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Childhood Obesity HCS/465 August 2, 2012 Donald Steacy Introduction The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to health care. The process consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Crisis written by Sameera Karnik and Amar Kanekar written January 2012. Based on the information in the article will help determine the methods of defining the problem, the purpose of the study, research questions, hypothesis, study variables, conceptual model, the review of related literature and the study design of the selected article. Definition of Problem The problem addressed in the article is childhood obesity. â€Å"Childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally† (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012, para. 1. ) The concerns for childhood obesity have grown to a government level requiring action to help children to eat healthy and encourage physical activity. One of the causes for childhood obesity is an imbalance between calorie intake and calories utilized. Several factors such as genetics, behavioral and environmental can enhance the chances of childhood obesity. The concerns for childhood obesity have grown as well as the number of children suffering from this condition. The importance to educate parents and children on eating healthy has become vital to children’s health. The urgency to stop the epidemic of obesity is because children can develop long-term illnesses. The illnesses contracted due to childhood obesity are diabetes, heart disease, physical and social health problems. Purpose of Study The purpose of the study is to determine how to tackle childhood obesity at a population level by education, prevention, and sustainable interventions (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012). Further education is required for parents and children to help promote healthy eating and provide nutritional facts. Parent education is vital to help parents understand how their practices for healthy eating may not be effective and how to improve parenting skills in nutrition. Educating parents, facilities and children is required to show how to promote healthy eating; physical activity can prevent long-term illnesses. Intervention for parents of those children currently suffering from childhood obesity is vital to help with knowing good nutrition vs. bad nutrition. Intervention will also help parents understand about how to help their children eat healthy, help with physical activity and eliminate the chances of long-term illnesses Research Questions Is childhood obesity about a matter of genetics, poor eating habits, behavioral factors or lack of physical activity? Hypothesis Why is childhood obesity a growing concern for the United States and internationally? a. Childhood obesity can be a genetic issue b. Childhood obesity exists due to lack of physical activity c. Childhood obesity can cause diabetes, heart disease, social and psychological issues d. Childhood obesity exists because of poor eating habits Study Variables The independent variable would consist of the following question: poor eating habits leads to childhood obesity? The dependent variable consists of child hood obesity can lead to diabetes, heart disease, social and psychological concerns. Conceptual Model The meaning of a conceptual model is a type of diagram, which shows the relationship between factors that impact or lead to a target condition or a diagram that shows the theoretical entities and the relationship between them. The conceptual diagram above reflects the relationship between poor eating habits, genetics and poor physical activity that leads to childhood obesity. The contributing factors listed above all contribute to childhood obesity if not properly taken into consideration by parents. Literature Review Childhood obesity has become an epidemic over the years nationally and internationally. The increasingly amount of children suffering from childhood obesity has grown over the years. One or more factors contribute to the development of childhood obesity. Such factors are genetics, behavioral (poor eating habits) and environmental (physical activity). Childhood obesity can cause physical, psychological, and social health problems (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012). On the other hand, the most recent strategy used is interventions to prevent and control childhood obesity (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012,). The purpose of the article is to discover the factors influencing childhood obesity as well as the use of various interventions and governmental actions addressing obesity while getting an understanding of the challenges for managing the epidemic. Study Design The study design used in the article research was he historical study design. The authors of the article used scholarly articles from Medline, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) to determine the factors of childhood obesity (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012). The authors also collected data from a time span of 1999 – 2011 to further gain details from the selected sources to draw a conclusion of analysis. The utilization of the scholarly resources was used to determine the contributing factors for the epidemic of childhood obesity. If interventions such as school based, family based, community based, play based and hospital based are an effective way to address childhood obesity (Karnik amp; Kaneka, 2012). The authors did not study a particular organization but rather used a variety of sources to further their research method. Conclusion Overall, the research process is very extensive and certain methods are used to help gather information. The process starts with retrieving a scholarly peer-reviewed article pertaining to healthcare. After determining, what topic to use it is important to use these methods gain knowledge of analysis.

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines Many Americans and historians abroad consider The United States founding and independence to be closely associated with religious reasons and purposes. This is true of course, but Protestant and Puritan ideologies were not the only things affecting the newborn countrys independence in 1776. While most of its Founding Fathers were of the Puritan faith and background, some of its key revolutionaries were in fact of a different, often overlooked, religion: Deism. These faiths did not often disagree while on the subject of founding a country, but they certainly did when the notions of God and human nature were concerned. One avid Deist, Benjamin Franklin, repented from Puritanism to Deism and wrote several pieces on his religion. Puritans such as John Winthrop and Michael Wigglesworth also wrote of their faith and how it affected their daily lives and thinking. Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature and its origins, and the relationship between th e two. One major difference between the Puritan and Deist doctrines was that of the Character (or nature) of God. For the Deists, they believed that God was all-wise, all-good, all powerful (Franklin, 26). One major reason Deists believed and developed this fundamental doctrine was the use of critical thinking or reason. Benjamin Franklin, the major Deist this paper will discuss, had a clear logical thinking path from which he rarely deviated. This logical thinking led him while a teenager to renounce Puritan beliefs. As a boy who sought knowledge in books, he found some who led him to believe in a different God, one who was a Universal God, and not just a Christian God. He wrote A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, in which he laid out a step-by-step logical argument of why God was good and why evil did not exist: I. There is said to be a First Mover, who is called GOD, Maker of the Universe. II. He is said to be all-wise, all-good, all powerful. III. If He is all-go od, whatsoever He doth must be goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. [V.] what He [God] consents to must be good, because He is good; therefore Evil doth not exist (Franklin, 26). Franklin goes on to say that everything God does can only be, and will only be good and that evil, which does not exist, cannot be permitted by God if it did exist: But this [God permitting evil for a wise end] Objection destroys itself; for whatever an infinitely good God hath wise Ends in suffering to be, must be good, is thereby made good, and cannot be otherwise (Franklin, 26-27). Franklin would later on slightly recant this idea, saying that his doctrine of no evil was not very useful (Franklin, 29). Franklins God was universal, the epitome and definition of good, and could not create or tolerate any kind of evil. While Franklin was convinced that the nature of his God was nothing but good, the Puritans believed something quite the contrary. The Puritan beliefs of God can be seen in writings and historical accounts: they wrote and viewed the nature of God as vengeful and wrathful- a Harbinger of justice and punishment. Michael Wigglesworth, who authored the then famous poem, The Day of Doom, wrote that the Son of God came to judge both Quick and Dead (Wigglesworth, 3) on the Day of Judgment. In his poem, Wigglesworth implies that only a few will escape (by grace) the wrath and be united with God, the rest being doomed to eternal judgment and torment in Hell. (This idea of predestination will be discussed in detail later.) John Dane, another Puritan, symbolically attributed Gods wrath to two separate occasions with a bee sting, which symbolized Danes sin and Christ on the cross. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it struck my finger, and water and blood [symbolizing the crucifixion of Christ] came out of ità ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦God would find me out (Dane, 9). However, the Puritans did not believe God was completely bad, since they wrote of his loving care and providence in times of need and spiritual weakness. In her memoirs, Mary Rowlandson recognized Gods blessings through her captivity. She considers the attack and captivity to be Gods punishment, but also sees his protection and help through her survival: the wonderful goodness of God to me, in preserving me soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that [I] did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life (Rowlandson, 16). The Puritans view of the nature of God is almost like that of a bipolar father, providing for his children when they most need it, but having indignation for any small error. Similar to his view on God, Franklins view on human nature was that all humans were the incarnation of God created by God. According to Franklins doctrinal logic, since God is good, all of His creations must be basically good; basically we do not have a sin nature (or inheritance) at birth. If a Creature is made by God, it must depend upon God, and receive all its Power from Himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦because He is Good; therefore a Creature can do nothing but what is good (Franklin, 27). Franklin goes on to refute the idea of concentrating on an afterlife. He argues that because our bodies will experience Pleasure and Pain (complete opposites) in equal amounts in this life, there is no point to having an afterlife, or being able to recall a previous life. But since Pain naturally and infallibly produces a Pleasure in proportion to it, every individual Creature must, in any State of Life, have an equal Quantity of each, so that there is not, on that Account, any Occasion for a future Adjustme nt [afterlife] (Franklin, 28). (This belief is direct contrast with the Puritan thinking that this life is a time of punishment that will soon end with constant pleasure in union with God, if we should be so fortunate to receive Gods grace.) Deists and Puritans had very different views on human nature. For the Puritans, human nature was wretched and unredeemable through good works. For Franklin, humans are good and capable of improvement. He said that life is worthless without improvement. This improvement, or practice of virtues, was an integral part of Franklins daily routine. He concentrated on the practice and retrospect of virtues not only to try to achieve moral perfection, but also to better himself financially: I from thence considered industry [a Franklin virtue] as a means of obtaining wealth and distinction (Franklin, 32). But for the Puritans, human nature was a sin nature, inherited from Adam, and passed down unbroken from generation to generation we had no chance of starting with a clean slate, it was already tainted. The Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop made this very clear to his audience in 1645: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦our nature is now corrupt (because all people are sinners)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[our nature] is common to man with beasts and other creatures (Winthrop, 1). The puritans believed strongly, as Wigglesworth explain in The Day of Doom, that all humans were deserving of Hell. They thought of Hell not as their punishment from God, but as their punishment for sin nature, and they thought Gods grace to save some as an unnecessary mercy. Opposite of this belief, Franklin believed that humans were able to achieve a better moral standard. Eventually Franklin even resorted to daily prayer, although Catholic in nature. He thought it right and necessary to solicit his assistance for obtaining it [wisdom]; to this end I formed the following little prayer (Franklin, 34). Contradictory to the Deist view of human nature, the Puritans thought life could not get better, and the doctrine of predestination did not help their morale either. They strongly believed in predestination, the belief that God already knew and commanded that some souls would perish (even the infantile or mentally incapacitated) and some souls would be saved humans had no choice in the matter. There was no hope; God commanded sin and damnation. Salvation was not merit-based, but your bad works would damn you (Wigglesworth, 4). John Dane thought of his nature as being so bad that to end his life [he did not, fortunately] would be better than to continue living in sin: I ought of two evils to choose the least; and that it was a greater evil to live and to sin against God than to kill myself (Dane, 11). Franklin, however, invented many things throughout his life solely for the betterment of mankind, just as he thought a persons life could be improved. He reflected on his attempt at i ndividual perfection: I wasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a better and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted it (Franklin, 34). For Franklin, the human nature could use a tune up, but was not flawed from conception and things could only get better. The Puritans saw only a lose-lose situation, for all of their efforts of attaining merit were forfeit: living was sinning; and sin is our nature. The Puritans and Deists also had very different views on the relationship between God and human nature. For the Puritans, it was a cycle of wrath and punishment. God was wrathful because the creation he made, mankind, became tainted and sinful through inherited sinful nature. Thomas Shepard, an English minister, said that the human heart (nature) was full of atheism, sodomy, blasphemy, murder, whoredom, adultery, witchcraft, buggeryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Your best duties are tainted, poisoned, mingled with some sin, and therefore are most odious in the eyes of a holy God (Wigglesworth, 4). Since the Puritans believed in this type of sin nature, of course it made sense that their holy God would want to punish and rid them of such bad behavior God was wrathful because of their sin. Deists also believed in a cyclic sort of relationship between God and human nature, but their cycle ran the opposite route. They believed human nature was basically good because a good God created it. It was like a skilled watchmaker letting his work shine without his constant watchful eye and tiny tools; he (the watchmaker) was good, therefore his good work did not need constant assistance it could be released as a well-oiled machine. After viewing the evidence and doctrines of Deist and Puritan views, it is very perplexing to think that such differences could lead to a declaration of independence and constitution, both with a religious backdrop. The Puritans believed in a wrathful God who punished people for their flawed human nature that He created and encouraged (sin caused by God). On the contrary, the Deists believed in an all-good God who let his good creations with a good human nature be out from under His constant control. But we know that even through these differences the men on both sides remained mostly civil and friendly to each other. For instance, Benjamin Franklin was a good friend of George Whitfield. He gave to his ministries on several occasions and vouched for his character even though they had no religious connection (Franklin, 40). However civil they might have been to one another, we still can clearly see that Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature, a nd their relationship.